This working paper investigates enrolment gaps in early childhood education and care (ECCE) in South Africa following the COVID-19 pandemic. Using household survey data and the 2021 ECD Census, the analysis explores both demand- and supply-side factors influencing access to ECCE services. Findings reveal that the pandemic exacerbated access barriers by reducing household incomes and disrupting service provision, particularly in low-income communities. The paper highlights systemic issues such as inadequate public funding, uneven geographic distribution of centres, and regulatory hurdles that hinder expansion.
